Efficient water desalination using Bernoulli effect: From Benchmark Results to External Validity

Benchmark performance is useful only when the evaluation setting represents the populations and operating conditions to which the result will be transferred. This structured evidence review evaluates "Efficient water desalination using Bernoulli effect" alongside nine author-disjoint, topically matched publications in nanoscale desalination. It compares construct definitions, evaluation choices, operating assumptions, and reported limitations instead of treating bibliographic similarity as empirical equivalence. Viewed through benchmark transfer and external validity, the map separates claims supported by the available record from questions that still require full-text extraction, replication, or new experiments. The synthesis is interpretive rather than meta-analytic and therefore does not present a pooled effect estimate or a new causal result. The resulting agenda prioritizes cross-site replication, explicit eligibility criteria, and reporting of performance across materially different settings.

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2. Ranjbar, T., Akbarzadeh, H., Mehrjouei, E., Abbaspour, M., Salemi, S., & Yaghoubi, H. (2022). Molecular insight into C60-grafted graphene oxide as a novel reverse osmosis membrane with low energy consumption for seawater desalination. Desalination, 542, 116062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2022.116062 DOI
3. Xu, P., & Na, N. (2020). Study on Antibacterial Properties of Cellulose Acetate Seawater Desalination Reverse-Osmosis Membrane with Graphene Oxide. Journal of Coastal Research, 105(sp1). https://doi.org/10.2112/jcr-si105-052.1 DOI
4. Hussain, Y., Irfan, M., & Gul, S. (2024). Modeling Approach to Estimate Energy Consumption of Reverse Osmosis and forward Osmosis Membrane Separation Processes for Seawater Desalination. CEMP 2023, 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2024017017 DOI
5. Wu, W., Shi, Y., Liu, G., Fan, X., & Yu, Y. (2020). Recent development of graphene oxide based forward osmosis membrane for water treatment: A critical review. Desalination, 491, 114452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2020.114452 DOI
6. Safarpour, M., Khataee, A., & Vatanpour, V. (2015). Thin film nanocomposite reverse osmosis membrane modified by reduced graphene oxide/TiO 2 with improved desalination performance. Journal of Membrane Science, 489, 43-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2015.04.010 DOI
7. Choi, J., Oh, Y., Chae, S., & Hong, S. (2019). Membrane capacitive deionization-reverse electrodialysis hybrid system for improving energy efficiency of reverse osmosis seawater desalination. Desalination, 462, 19-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2019.04.003 DOI
8. Kim, S., Ou, R., Hu, Y., Li, X., Zhang, H., Simon, G.-P., & Wang, H. (2018). Non-swelling graphene oxide-polymer nanocomposite membrane for reverse osmosis desalination. Journal of Membrane Science, 562, 47-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2018.05.029 DOI
9. Anqi, A.-E., Alkhamis, N., & Oztekin, A. (2015). Numerical simulation of brackish water desalination by a reverse osmosis membrane. Desalination, 369, 156-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2015.05.007 DOI
10. Raval, H.-D., & Koradiya, P. (2016). Direct fertigation with brackish water by a forward osmosis system converting domestic reverse osmosis module into forward osmosis membrane element. Desalination and Water Treatment, 57(34), 15740-15747. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1075432 DOI